Deep Dive into Internet

What is Internet

Internet is a global network in which multiple device are interconnected to each other with the help of wired medium and wireless medium, with the help of internet you can transfer data or information from one place to another, in internet there are different types of network we used for connect to each other like large and small network . Internet have other names also like networks of network, Wide Area Network(WAN).In today’s time whatever we do like we use Whatsapp for chatting and sharing files and Youtube for watching video all that thing happens because of internet.

There are two types of medium which we used in network like wired network and wireless network.

Internet is basically works on the client-server model like when you use laptop or mobile to open any website in this place your mobile or laptop is act like a client and the website that you want to visit that request will goes to any remote server and that server will save that info for some time and then after that whatever info you want it gives back to you

How internet works?

1st step :When you open any website then your device sends one request, that request is travel through some unique address that is IP(Internet Protocol) address. All the device which use internet all have some unique address.

2nd step: Router and Servers ,that request is send through router and server with the help of devices you can send the data in right place. Router is basically a network device with the help of which we can connect two different networks .Router is work on the IP address and make a routing table.

3rd step: Server will process your request and whatever content you request like webpage ,images it gives back to you ,when the server did not have that content then it throws some error like 404 not found .

4th step: Your browser will shows the information or webpage that you want to visit or see and what you request for, so you can easily access the data .

Component of Internet

IP address(Internet Protocol Address)

IP is also known as logical address because it keeps changing after period of time , IP address is of two types public IP, private IP .

Internet Protocol

Internet Protocol is basically a logical address (it is like a pincode of your location) with the help of it you can reach your destination location where you want to send you data(packet).

IP has two variant

1.IPV4

IPV4 is of 32 bits, whole ipv4 address is divided in 4 octet and each octet has 8 bits example (0.0.0.0) and it is written in decimal format .Each octet is separated by decimal dot, further ipv4 is also divided into 5 classes

IPV4 has 5 classes

class A - range of 1st octet in class A (0-127) suggested for networks with a huge number of devices

class B - range of 1st octet in class B (128-191) suggested for networks with an equal number of devices

class C - range of 1st octet in class C (192-223) suggested for network devices

class D - range of 1st octet in class D (224-239) reserved for multicasting

class E - range of 1st octet in class E (240-254) reserved for research and development

2.IPV6

IPV6 is of 128 bits, whole ipv6 is divided in 16 octet it is written in hexadecimal format and colon ”:” is used for separating octet

Each octet can have lowest value 0 and highest value 255, in decimal format after any octet reach 255 it changes the next octet gets +1

Types of IP address

1.Classfull IP address: Network prefix is of fixed length.

2.Classless IP address: Network prefix varies as per network size

3.Private IP address: used in LAN(Local Area Network) It is not routable to internet ,but with the help of some protocol it is possible.

Range

10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255=class A

172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255= class B

192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255=class C

4.Public IP address: used in wide area network(WAN) ,that Ip must be purchased from IANA or ISP(Internet service provider like Airtel, Jio .It is routable to internet .

5.Static IP address: configured manually in computer, doesn’t change automatically.

6.Automatic IP: configured automatically by once, may changes after sometimes ,also known as DHCP(Dynamic host configuration protocol).In DHCP you can give the range IP will change in between that range .

Interesting journey of how data travel from one place to another (Browser to Server)

Let’s Understand the beautiful journey of Browser to server

Suppose you write www.facebook.com in the google chrome search engine after that when you press enter then your browser will create an request. It is like a letter(data packet) in which it is written that i want Facebook website but how do know the Facebook real home it’s IP address (In every website their is one IP address behind that url ,you didn’t remember all website IP so in place of it you can easily remember name of the website .

DNS comes into picture

Here the DNS baba comes you written www.facebook.com but internet server didn’t understand that it is only understand IP address .Here the DNS baba comes it’s basically like a phonebook ,dns find the IP address of www.facebook.com and give it to your browser

The highway of Internet

Small cars (Packets) set out on a journey. Now your request (data packet) will goes on a journey ,here in place of roads we have network cables,4g, 5g.Your ISP(Internet Service Provider) Airtel, Bsnl, Jio.

Router(an traffic police)who send your request (packet) in the right place. Your request goes through various cables and network devices and after then it reach to facebook server.

Answer comes from Server(Here is you data) When facebook server receive your request after then it search that it request is valid or not (information that the user want is correct or not). UserId or Password that you enter during sign in that match or not. After then facebook server send back the data in the small chunk form, that chunk travel back through the cables and comes back to you. When your browser will get all the chunks(information), after then your browser will merge all the chunks(data) and visit that page.